JarCasting
doozer
A minimalistic framework that let you create any Java objects with a fluent and readable syntax. Helpful especially in integration and acceptance test scenarios for building complex object trees.
Note that v1.4 comes with some API changes!
- The deprecated interface DeclaredField has been removed
- doozer now uses the functional interfaces from lenientfun
Both changes may break existing code, but should be easy to fix.
- doozer
First glance
Create a Person and it's dependencies using doozer
final Person person = makeA(Person::new,
p -> p.with(firstName, "Sarah"),
p -> p.with(lastName, "Klein"),
p -> p.with(age, 47),
p -> p.with(address, makeA(Address::new,
a -> a.with(street, "Mainstreet 8"),
a -> a.with(zip, "49432"),
a -> a.with(town, "Frankfurt"),
a -> a.with(country, "DE"))),
p -> p.with(notes, asList(makeA(Note::new,
n -> n.with(message, "Call her back!"))))
);
Overview
Creating and dealing with deeply nested object trees could be a mess, especially in testing scenarios. For Unit testing we will use Mocking frameworks to get rid of object dependencies and to take control over the objects behavior. Unfortunately there are testing scenarios like integration and acceptance tests, where we have to deal with real objects trees.
In such situations Test Data Builders are a good approach to make the code more readable and to reduce duplications. The downside of Test Data Builders is that we have to write and maintain additional code such as builder classes or factory methods.
To make life more easy Nat Pryce invented a tiny framework called make-it-easy. Make-it-easy is a great way to write Test Data Builders with much more less duplications and boilerplate code.
But things are going further and as Lee Levett noticed in his blog the new Java 8 language features are offering another approach to write Test Data Builders in a quite elegant way.
Based on the ideas of Nat Pryce and Lee Levett doozer is putting things together and let you write Test Data Builders
- with almost no need for additional boilerplate code
- with the ability to take full control over the objects state - even for immutable fields and objects - without weaken the objects API
- with the possibility to reuse one building strategy as a prototype for a variety of similar objects
How it works
Installation
From Maven Central with the following artifact coordinates
Maven
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.mictaege</groupId>
<artifactId>doozer</artifactId>
<version>x.x</version>
</dependency>
Gradle
dependencies {
compile 'com.github.mictaege:doozer:x.x'
}
Simple example
Given a POJO Person ...
public class Person {
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
//getter and setter
}
... we have to extend the Person class with meta information about it's instance fields by using an enumeration. Only restriction: The names of the enum constants has to be equal - case sensitve - with the instance field names of the class ...
public class Person {
public enum Fields {
firstName, lastName;
}
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
//getter and setter
}
... and that's it!!!
Now we can build Person objects using doozer:
final Person person = makeA(Person::new,
p -> p.with(firstName, "Sarah"),
p -> p.with(lastName, "Klein")
);
Note: With doozer there is no need for additional boilerplate code such as extra builder classes or factory methods. Apart from the enum that provides the meta information about the instance fields there is nothing else to do.
Furthermore this enum could not only be used with doozer but could also serve meta information in various other contexts, e.g. it's constants could be used as keys for translations stored in a property file or could be used as property-id's in UI frameworks such as Vaadin.
Advanced examples
Building object trees
final Person person = makeA(Person::new,
p -> p.with(firstName, "Sarah"),
p -> p.with(lastName, "Klein"),
p -> p.with(nickName, "Sa"),
p -> p.with(age, 47),
p -> p.with(address, makeA(Address::new,
a -> a.with(street, "Mainstreet 8"),
a -> a.with(zip, "49432"),
a -> a.with(town, "Frankfurt"),
a -> a.with(country, "DE"))),
p -> p.with(notes, asList(makeA(Note::new,
n -> n.with(message, "Call her back!"))))
);
Solution: Use nested calls of makeA().
Hint: an indention of the building statements according to the object tree will improve readablity.
Building objects that has no default constructor
final Person person = makeA(() -> new Person("Sarah", "Klein"),
p -> p.with(nickName, "Sa"),
p -> p.with(age, "47")
);
Solution: Provide a lambda instead of a constructor-reference to makeA().
Modify immutable fields of an object
Given id is an immutable field:
final Person person = makeA(Person::new,
p -> p.with(id, "4711"),
p -> p.with(firstName, "Sarah")
);
Solution: There is no difference in dealing with immutable fields.
Modify inherited fields of an object
Given id is an inherited field from super class Subject:
final Person person = makeA(Person::new,
p -> p.with(id, "4711"),//Subject.Fields.id
p -> p.with(firstName, "Sarah")//Person.Fields.firstName
);
Solution: There is no difference in dealing with inherited fields as long as the meta-information is available, either in the super-class itself or elsewhere.
Use one building strategy for a variety of similar objects
final LenientSupplier<Person> personTemplate = () -> makeA(Person::new,
p -> p.with(firstName, "Michael"),
p -> p.with(lastName, "Kelly"),
p -> p.with(nickName, "Mike"),
p -> p.with(age, 32),
p -> p.with(address, makeA(Address::new,
a -> a.with(street, "Elmstreet 6"),
a -> a.with(zip, "23123"),
a -> a.with(town, "New York"),
a -> a.with(country, "US")
)));
final Person mike = makeFrom(personTemplate);
final Person mikesWife = makeFrom(personTemplate,
p -> p.but(firstName, "Laura"),
p -> p.but(age, 29)
);
final Person mikesSon = makeFrom(personTemplate,
p -> p.but(firstName, "Peter"),
p -> p.but(age, 5)
);
Solution: Define a lambda as a building strategy, use the lambda as a template for building similar objects.
Using the objects accesable API
Sometimes it's more useful to call the objects accesable API instead of manipulating the objects instance fields directly. This might be the case if we want to use the functionalty of methods that perform more complex calculations, such as initializer methods.
final Person person = makeA(Person::new,
p -> p.apply(Person::setFirstName, "Sarah"),
p -> p.apply().setLastName("Klein")
);
Solution: Use apply() instead of with().
apply() comes in two flavours: - for methods that are taking a single parameter - e.g. setters - you can pass a method-reference together with a value to apply() - or you can get access to the build object itself which allows you to call every method of it's accesable API.
Using objects from 3rd party libraries
If we have to deal with objects from 3rd party libraries we can not declare the objects fields with an enumeration.
final Person person = makeA(Person::new,
p -> p.with("firstName", "Sarah"),
p -> p.with("lastName", "Klein")
);
Solution Pass the fields name as plain Strings.
Further thoughts
At the first glance you may like doozer because it helps you to avoid writing bothersome boilerplate code. But the real benefit of doozer is that it will help you to become extraordinary flexible, without the least need to weaken your objects API.
Let's have a look at the following example:
public final class StrongPersonality {
public enum Fields {
id, firstName, lastName, age;
}
private final String id;
private final String firstName;
private final String lastName;
private int age;
public StrongPersonality(final String firstName, final String lastName) {
super();
Validate.notEmpty(firstName);
Validate.notEmpty(lastName);
this.id = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
this.firstName = firstName;
this.lastName = lastName;
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public String getFirstName() {
return firstName;
}
public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(final int age) {
Validate.inclusiveBetween(0, 140, age);
this.age = age;
}
}
In the meaning of the fail early principle the class StrongPersonality assures the constraints of it's fields:
idis immutable and calculated during object instantiationfirstNameandlastNameare immutable and could not be emptyageis mutable but has to be in a range between 0 and 140
It's no problem to create a valid instance of StrongPersonality like this:
final StrongPersonality personality = new StrongPersonality("David", "Wrigley");
personality.setAge(33);
... but what should you do if you need an invalid instance of StrongPersonality for testing the correct behavior of a validation or persistence service?
Well, using doozer in a testing scenario allows you to create an instance of StrongPersonality that is completely invalid:
final StrongPersonality personality = makeA(() -> new StrongPersonality("X", "Y"),
p -> p.with(id, null),
p -> p.with(firstName, ""),
p -> p.with(lastName, null),
p -> p.with(age, -5)
);
By the way, what does doozer mean?
... Doozers are tiny, green creatures, who love to build delicious constructions all day long ...